Sometimes in music, particularly when notating chords it is necessary to use double sharps (indicated by !) and double flats (indicated by bb). The reason for this is the spelling of the intervals.
For example, a B augmented triad would contain the notes B, D# and F!. You will notice that F double sharp is the same as G natural. The reason F double sharp is used is that the interval of a major 3rd above D# must contain the letter F and not the letter G. The same principle applies with double flats.
For example, an Eb diminished triad would contain the notes Eb, Gb and Bbb. The B double flat would be used instead of A natural because the minor 3rd interval above Gb must contain the letter B and not A.
These are more examples of enharmonic notes. You will also have noticed the use of notes such as Cb, Fb, B# and E# in some of the previous examples. Although they are not common, these notes are used in music and are therefore worth learning.