Notes can be written on the lines or spaces of the staff and are named as such:
Extra notes can be added by the use of short lines, called Ledger Lines.
When a note is placed on the staff its head indicates its position, e.g.:
When the note head is below the middle staff line the stem points upward and when the head is above the middle line the stem points downward. A note placed on the middle line (D) can have its stem pointing either up or down.