Electric guitars have pick-ups (a type of inbuilt microphone) and need to be played into an amplifier (amp) to be heard.
Acoustic guitars can be amplified by placing a microphone near the sound hole or by placing a portable pick-up on the body of the guitar. This is common for performances at large venues where the acoustic guitar needs amplification to be heard.
The solid body electric is commonly used in Metal, Rock, Blues and Pop. Famous solid body guitars are the Gibson Les Paul and the Fender Stratocaster.
The hollow body electric (semi acoustic) is most commonly used in Jazz and Blues.