Here are the most common notes used in music, along with their respective time values (i.e., length of time held). For each note value there is an equivalent rest, which indicates a period of silence.
A dot placed after a note increases the value of that note by half.
A tie is a curved line joining two or more notes of the same pitch, where the second note(s) is not played but its time value is added to that of the first note. Here are two examples:
In both of these examples only the first note is played.