There are other ways of harmonizing a scale or melody apart from using octaves. Technically it is possible to use any interval to harmonize a melody, although some sound better than others. (For more on intervals, see Progressive Guitar Method Theory Book 1). Here is the E mixolydian scale harmonized in 6ths,on the first and third strings and then on the second and fourth strings.
Here are some of the ways 6ths are commonly used.