The more different chords you learn, the more you realize that many of them are quite similar, requiring only a raising or lowering of the 3rd and/or 7th degree to create a new chord.
A good way to memorize the differences between the various chords is to play arpeggios of all the chords you know in succession from the one root note. Here is an example. Once you can do this easily, repeat the process on each of the notes of the chromatic scale. You should also practice all inversions of the arpeggios, both ascending and descending.