So far, everything you have learned has related to the C major scale in the open position. However, in order to become a good Jazz player, you will need to be able to play in all keys in any position on the fretboard. To do this, you need a system for identifying pitches which can apply to any scale in any key. The easiest way to do this is to use scale degrees to identify a note's position in the scale in relation to the keynote (the note after which the key is named - also called the tonic).
Here are the notes of the C major scale with the scale degrees under the notes. Try playing the scale and singing the scale degree numbers as you play. It is important to learn scale degrees well because a good knowledge of them is essential for transposing music to other keys and for playing effectively over chord progressions.